Runes, tarot, and fortune oh my

and

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Kundalini Yoga and healing yourself....

The Eight Human Talents by Gurumukh


A long time ago, I read about Kundalini yoga and had some adverse reaction to it, like it was some sex thing, but that was not true (and I think that is tantric yoga, whatever that is) but along the way, I found this teacher,
Gurmukh, who ran a yoga studio called Golden Bridge in L.A., wore a turban, and had this Kundalini yoga tape - So I tried it. It was hard.

I would do it ever so often and reaped many benefits from the poses and exercises, but I really didn't 'commit' to it, and  practiced other yoga and exercise tapes.  When I was feeling partifularly ill, or rather, hungover, I would go to Gurumukh's tape, however, since it seemed to detox and de-stress me. Then I bought her book.

Again, I leafed through it, and laid it aside, until one day, a few years later, my life went on fire, and I thought of this book. I went searching for it, and started reading it, and practicing the exercises with a little more commitment. I was under alot of stress, I had no recourse, and had only myself to rely on, to turn things around. I needed to invoke some power. 
Within days, the incredible wisdom and effects in this book and in these exercises healed me, strengthened me, and emboldened me to trust my incredible will to make things right.  I knew this was valid and decided to 'commit' to doing a few Kundalini exercises every morning to start my day. Suddenly, my body is somehow 'better', 'younger' , full of vitality, and the creativity is flowing. Opportunities are coming my way, and I'm confident about the future. It's the fastest way I know to heal yourself....







Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Summer Solstice!

The spinning Earth's North Pole is at maximum tilt toward the Sun today, marking the Summer Solstice at 1:16 pm EDT. This first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere also marks the Sun's shift into nurturing Cancer...

Saturday, June 18, 2011

Sylvia Browne's Tools for Life...


I became interested in Psychic/Spiritual Advisor Sylvia Browne, probably, after seeing her on the Montel Williams show....


I ended up buy a lot of her audio tapes and incorporated much of her teachings into my own life since much of what she said confirmed my own experience that you must learn to 'shield' and 'protect' yourself not only physically, but spiritually.  I was also born psychic, and believe me, it is more a burden, than you can imagine...

So, after some Spring cleaning - not only physically, but in an attempt to clear the channels spiritually, I rediscoverd these old cassettes and started listening to them again. this time, I got a fresh start, as I realized I forgot where I learned these techniques from.

The most important ones are these:


Imagine you are surrounded by a wave of mirrors facing outward;.
This protects you from negativity

Imagine the White Light of the Holy Spirit surrounding you.

and imagine the Silver Net encompassing you...

and well, there's so much more, that you will have to get these tools for yourself...

Tool for Life

Regulus or Raphael from Darkstar Astrology


Fixed star Regulus in 2011 is positioned at 29 degrees Leo 59’, in the heart of the constellation Leo the Lion. There is a buzz about Regulus on the Internet right now due to its entrance into Virgo in 2012. People are speculating that this might herald the the age of Aquarius, Aquarius being Leo’s opposite sign on the fixed cross. What can Leo learn from the Virgin? Perhaps how to submit, put aside ego, dispense personal glory and become more respectful of the earth. They do seem like a very Aquarian ideals

Regulus is the arch-angel Raphael, one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse. On the fixed cross, Regulus is one of the four cherubim represented on tarot cards as the bull, lion, eagle and human, the signs Taurus, Leo, Scorpio and Aquarius respectively.
You usually see them all on the corner of the Wheel of Fortune and The World cards. Hence Regulus coming under focus now as 2012 and its association with the end times and/or enlightenment draws near.

So what’s so special about Regulus? He certainly of our time. He is the X factor and the superstar. The Elvis of the fixed stars. He ranks as ultra-fortunate, the most benefic star in the Universe. Medieval astrologers said it would bring glory, riches and fame to all those born under it, and that it was the “Royall Starre”.

Of course not everyone born with Sun of Regulus will be born royal, but they will certainly act like it! Regulus of course is literally one of the royal stars of Persia, all of which give you immense power, but they do come with a price, as you will see. It’s not all super sunny.
Regulus is important because it one of the brightest stars and bang on the ecliptic. So instead of the usual 1 degree orb given for fixed stars, I would give Regulus 5 degree’s in line with William Lily [1]. Therefore Regulus may well be shining on your Sun if you are born between the 18th and 28th of August or have anything between 25 Leo and 5 degrees Virgo. On astro.com you can find Regulus precisely in your chart by using their fixed star option in the extended chart section.

The Mars and Jupiter nature of this star can take you far and many of its natives are indeed very successful. But this runaway success can be taken away from you pretty swiftly if you fall prey to its negative expression. There is a risk of downfall if one resorts to displaying excess pride, ego-mania, arrogance, obsessive conquering and most of all revenge. It is said that the higher these Lions climbs the bigger the risk of falling from grace.
I would think the downfall would most likely happen to those chasing success and fame for it’s own sake or to solely bolster their own ego. But if the Regulus subject has a true passion for their craft or business, and lets others share and bask in their glory, I think our regal Lion can sit safely on his comfy throne.
.

Regulus keywords

Brave, bloodthirsty, gutsy, ambitious, driven, unstoppable, proud, vain, arrogant, egotistical, regal, loyal, poised, famous, flamboyant, fabulous, dashing, flash, outrageous, chivalrous, courteous, conquering, entrepreneurial, outré, controversial, glorious, bold, hot, passionate, diva, haughty, naughty, playful, childlike, extremist, romantic, generous, fanatical, bossy, unhinged, stalker, predatory, man-eater.
Regulus near neighbor is the rather bloodthirsty star Phecda, this I believe is what gives the star its raw martial side. The beastly nature of the Lion isn’t afraid to throw itself into battle and get blood on its hands. This is none more graphically demonstrated, than by Jackie Kennedy Onassis with Regulus on her MC by just 03’! Of course the woman was an icon, more poised and regal then most real life royals and exuded bravery and loyalty. After John Kennedy was shot, she refused to remove her bloodstain pink Chanel suit. Regretting having washed her bloodstained face and hands, she stated “ I want them to see what they have done to Jack”[2]
Regulus on the AC will embody the lions energy. Elton John has Regulus rising (37’), he is certainly by royal appointment, playing as he did at Princess Diana’s funeral, he also appropriately wrote the music score to “The Lion King”. He has sold over 250 millions which ranks him as one of the most successful singer-songwriters of all time. He as received an knighthood for services to music and charity. He has had his fair share of Regulus dramas though, he has battled addictions to alcohol and cocaine. Elton was also bulimic for a time.
star leo The Mighty Regulus
Queen of the brothels, Cynthia Payne also had Regulus rising (57’). This high class Madame made a mint by hosting sex parties in suburban south-west London. She inspired two films about her life, one of which alluded to the fact that she got away with a mere 4 month prison sentence because a few of the judiciary been “entertained” by her ladies at some point. She stood for parliament as a candidate for the “Payne & Pleasure” party. You gotta admire her gall!
Margaret Thatcher is a superb example of Regulus on the Moon (09’), and she of course suffered her famous Regulus downfall in 1990 when was hounded out of her office by the men in suits. As a world leader she has to rank as one the most famous. River Phoenix is another one who suffered the extreme side of this star, his Sun on Regulus (48’) burnt too brightly too quickly and he died aged just 23 of a drug overdose.
Heinrich Himmler “rose to become one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany as well as one of the persons most directly responsible for the Holocaust” [3] he had Venus on Regulus (29’) and again an example of a falling from a great height, he ended up committing suicide before his arrest for war crimes.
Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor company was literally driven by Mars on Regulus at exactly 00’! He had it rising also. Ford became one of the richest men on the planet probably because he created the “Fordism” system which guaranteed high wages for his workers, double that of his competitors. This honorable act must’ve fueled his huge wealth and success. Ford reigned supreme until he went against his anti-war stance. In 1915 during WW I he funded a peace ship to Europe, but by WWII he went back on his principles and his company was used to arm the war. After that he suffered a series of strokes and grew increasingly senile, lost all his real power and became just a figurehead.
.

Roaring Celebrities

REGULUS ASCENDANT “Great honor and wealth, but violence and trouble, sickness, fevers, acute disease, benefits seldom last, favor of the great, victory over enemies and scandal.”[4]
Agatha Christie – Justin Timberlake – Natalie Cole – Elton John – Uma Thurman – Charles/Camila Davison – Woody Allen – Cyntha Payne – Helena Bonham Carter – Morrisey – Siouxie Sioux
REGULUS MIDHEAVEN “Honor, preferment, good fortune, high office under Government, military success. If with Sun, Moon or Jupiter, great honor and ample fortune.”
The Vatican – Micheal Douglas – Clint Eastwood , with Neptune – Mata Hari – Parick Mc Nee – Jackie Kennedy – Jimmy Page with Jupiter and Lilith – Prince – Toulous Lautrec – Jim Carrey, with Uranus – Barbara Windsor – Shania Twain
REGULUS SUN “Power, authority, great influence over friends, honor and riches, but violence, trouble and ultimate disgrace and ruin, sickness, fevers, benefits seldom last.”
Bill Clinton – Mae West – Sean Connery – River Phoenix – Robert Redford – Gene Roddenberry – Claudia Shiffer, with MC, Mars and Lilith – Mother Theresa – Dorothy Parker – Coco Chanel – Princess Margaret
REGULUS MOON “Occult interests, powerful friends, danger from enemies and false friends, gain by speculation, public prominence, great power, honor, wealth, benefits seldom last, violence, trouble and sickness. Make women high spirited and independent.”
Margaret Thatcher – Dolly Parton – Winston Churchill – Cheiro – Richard Branson – K D Lang – Venus Williams – Ron Hubbard -Tony Hancock – Ian Mc Kellen – Terence Mc Kenna – Paul Weller – Robert Graves
REGULUS MERCURY “Honorable, just, popular, generosity abused by opponents, fame, gain through high position”
Michael Jackson – Freddy Mercury – Barry Gibb – Steve Martin – Peter Sellers – Chrissy Hynde – Patsy Cline – Ernest Hemingway – Goethe
REGULUS VENUS “Many disappointments, unexpected happenings, violent attachments, trouble through love affairs.”
Sydney – Antonio Banderas – Heather Locklear, with Uranus, North Node and Lilith – Sorry/Cher Davison – Sean Lennon – Catherine Zeta Jones – Bryan Ferry – Heinrich Himmler – Rufus Wainwright – Eddie Fisher.
REGULUS MARS “Honor, fame, strong character public prominence, high military command.”
Davis Cameron – Diana Princess of Wales – Benjamin Netanyahu, and North Node – Jamie Partridge – Bob Geldof, with Venus – Jayne Mansfield – Emperor Hirohoto – Edith Piaf – Mary Shelley – Frank Sinatra – Donald Trump – Henry Ford – Sting – Lyndon B Johnson with Jupiter and Lilith.
To work out the exact position of Regulus, stars move forward through the zodiac at one degree every 72 years. Regulus positions:
1900 – 28°26′ Leo
1950 – 29°08′ Leo
2000 – 29°50′ Leo
You can find all the star positions here: The Fixed Stars in Longitude Order.
References:
1. Christian Astrology, book 3: Nativities by William Lilly, chapter 145 p616 Astrology Center of America.
2. “Selections from Lady Bird’s Diary on the assassination: November 22, 1963″. Lady Bird Johnson: Portrait of a First Lady. PBS. Retrieved March 1, 2008.

3. Zentner, Christian Ed; Bedürftig, Friedemann Ed (1991) (in English). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. New York: Macmillan. pp. 1150.

4. The fixed stars and Constellations in Astrology – Vivian Robson pgs 195,196 & 197
.

Friday, June 17, 2011

OMNIL....a magical reality and aura of protection for you


OMNIL as explained by this user
The OMNIL was reveal through the works of William Gray was a British occultist, the founder of the magical order the Sangreal Sodality.

This version of the OMNIL formula is quoted from Stephen Mace's Stealing Fire from Heaven and is very effective at banishing which can be used with any path! This is a essay that offers a technique that individuals can use to create their own systems of sorcery, systems precisely tailored to fit their own unconscious minds.

To begin,
close your eyes and imagine a vertical line of white light,
one passing from the nadir to the zenith right through the point of view behind your eyes.

Next imagine a spot of light about two feet in front of this point of view.
With this spot trace a horizontal circle around your head. 
Then trace an ellipse by running this spot up to the top of your head, down your back, under your feet, and up again to the top of your head.
 
Then trace another ellipse from the top of your head down one side, under your feet, and up the other side to the top of your head. When you're finished your point of view should be in the middle of a cage.

With your fortifications now in place, you may clean out your imagination. 

To do this turn the line you first visualised into a pillar of fire and cause it to expand outward through your three rings.

As it does, cast images of any persistent thoughts or fantasies into the flames and watch them burn until there is nothing left but three glowing white rings.

And that's all there is to it.

Aside from serving to flush out your mind before and after magical operations, banishing is your first defence against obsessive thoughts from within and against any kind of psychic attack from the outside.

Banishing rituals also have the side benefit of hardening the magician's aura, forming a psychic shell that will keep his consciousness together and deflect the piercing intrusions of the external world.
 
By frequent (four or five times a day for the rest of your life) banishing, the magician will develop an aura so hard that he will be able to drop many of the defensive habits that might have attached themselves to his personal attitude. Banishing is thus and essential tool for the aspiring magician, and it is vital to make it a habit. 

okay, that's one interpretation....
Here's more on OMNIL...
William Gray,
Magical Ritual Methods

Magical-Ritual-Methods-William-Gray 
and coined the word OMNIL,  a combination of latin words, omnis, or everything, and
nihil or nothing...

OMNIL formula is a mehtod for centering the self by invoking the ZERO space to release and banish whatever has been collected or accrued and no longer serves us.

According to Magician Frater U.D. who wrote High Magick

OMNIL will focus your energy to prepare you for magical operations
Face North
Draw a horizontal circle around you
(Using a wand or dagger is optional)
This creates Zero Time

Draw a lateral circle starting at the zenith or top of your head and down in front of your body, and go back up your back until you reach the top of your head
This creates Zero Space

Draw a vertical circle starting at the zenith or or top of your head, down in front of your body, and back up the back until you reach the top of your head.
This is Zero Event

Draw all circles or ellipses deosil or clockwise (right to left) and try to do this 
simultaneously. 

After practice, this should be done instantaneously, and can be used along with other rituals.

Now, my interpretation of this
is S.E.T.
or Space, Event, Time, as a reminder to do this everyday, and to 'set' the auric protection in motion.

Space, Event, Time, is a good tool to do when you take a shower, to cleanse your aura, and fill it with the white light of the Holy Spirit, or the create with a ring of Fire to burn off impurities. 

I call this Meta magic, or preparations for magical operations.

Sunday, June 12, 2011

Will to Power - Nietzsche's View

From the book
Sorcerer's Guide to Power, 
by Hathor MacHugh,

The will to power (German: "der Wille zur Macht") is widely seen as a prominent concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. The will to power describes what Nietzsche may have believed to be the main driving force in man; achievement, ambition, the striving to reach the highest possible position in life; these are all manifestations of the will to power.

Alfred Adler incorporated the will to power into his individual psychology. This can be contrasted to the other Viennese schools of psychotherapy: Sigmund Freud's pleasure principle (will to pleasure) and Victor Frankl's logotherapy (will to meaning). Each of these schools advocate and teach a very different main driving force in "man". The "will to power" has been "identified" in nature in the dominance hierarchies studied in many living species.

Friedrich Nietzsche found early influence from Schopenhauer, whom he first discovered in 1865. Schopenhauer puts a central emphasis on will and in particular has a concept of the "will to live". Writing a generation before Nietzsche, Schopenhauer explained that the universe and everything in it is driven by a primordial will to live, which results in all living creatures' desire to avoid death and procreate. For Schopenhauer, this will is the most fundamental aspect of reality — more fundamental even than being.

Another important influence is Roger Joseph Boscovich, whom Nietzsche discovered and learned about through his reading of Friedrich Albert Lange's 1865 Geschichte des Materialismus (History of Materialism), which Nietzsche read in 1866. As early as 1872, Nietzsche went on to study Boscovich’s book Theoria Philosophia Naturalis for himself. Nietzsche makes his only reference in his published works to Boscovich in Beyond Good and Evil where he declares war on "soul-atomism"


Boscovich had rejected the idea of "materialistic atomism" which Nietzsche calls "one of the best refuted theories there are. The idea of centers of force would become central to Nietzsche's later theories of will to power.

Nietzsche began to speak of the "Desire for Power" (Machtgelüst), which appeared in The Wanderer and his Shadow (1880) and Daybreak (1881). Machtgelüst, in these works, is the pleasure of the feeling of power and the hunger to overpower.

Wilhelm Roux published his The Struggle of Parts in the Organism (Der Kampf der Theile im Organismus) in 1881, which Nietzsche first read the same year. The book was a response to Darwinian theory, proposing an alternative mode of evolution. Roux was a disciple of and influenced by Ernst Haeckel who believed the struggle for existence occurred at the cellular level. 


The various cells and tissue struggle for finite resources, so that only the strongest survive. Through this mechanism, the body grows stronger and better adapted. Lacking modern genetic theory and assuming a lamarckian or pangenetic model of inheritance, the theory had plausibility at the time.

Nietzsche began to expand on the concept of Machtgelüst in The Gay Science (1882), where in a section titled 

“On the doctrine of the feeling of power,” he connects the desire for cruelty with the pleasure in the feeling of power.

Elsewhere in The Gay Science he notes that it is only “in intellectual beings that pleasure, displeasure, and will are to be found,” excluding the vast majority of organisms from the desire for power.


Léon Dumont (1837–77), whose 1875 book Théorie Scientifique de La Sensibilité, le Plaisir et la Peine Nietzsche read in 1883, seems to have exerted some influence on this concept. Dumont believed that pleasure is related to increases in force.

In Wanderer and Daybreak, Nietzsche earlier had speculated that pleasures such as cruelty, are pleasurable because of exercise of power. But Dumont, in 1883, provided a physiological basis for Nietzsche’s speculation. Dumont’s theory also would have seemed to confirm Nietzsche’s theory that pleasure and pain are reserved for intellectual beings, since, according to Dumont, pain and pleasure require a coming to consciousness and not just a sensing.


In 1883 Nietzsche coined the phrase “Wille zur Macht” in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. The concept, at this point, is no longer limited to only those intellectual beings that can actually experience the feeling of power; it applies to all life. The phrase Wille zur Macht first appears in part 1, "1001 Goals" (1883), then in part 2, in two sections, “Self-Overcoming” and “Redemption” (later in 1883). “Self-Overcoming” describes it in most detail, saying it is an “unexhausted procreative will of life.” There is will to power where there is life and even the strongest living things will risk their lives for more power. This suggests that the will to power is stronger than the will to survive.

Schopenhauer's "Will to life" thus became a subsidiary to the will to power, which is the stronger will. Nietzsche thinks his notion of the will to power is far more useful than Schopenhauer's will to live for explaining various events, especially human behavior—for example, Nietzsche uses the will to power to explain both ascetic, life-denying impulses and strong, life-affirming impulses in the European tradition, as well as both master and slave morality. He also finds the will to power to offer much richer explanations than utilitarianism's notion that all people really want to be happy, or the Platonist's notion that people want to be unified with the Good.

 
Nietzsche read William Rolph’s Biologische Probleme around mid-1884, and it clearly interested him; his copy is heavily annotated. He made many notes concerning Rolph. Rolph was another evolutionary anti-Darwinist like Roux, who wished to argue for evolution by a different mechanism than the struggle for existence. Rolph argued that all life seeks primarily to expand itself. Organisms fulfill this need through assimilation, trying to make as much of what is found around them into part of themselves, for example by seeking to increase intake and nutriment. Life forms are naturally insatiable in this way.

Nietzsche's next published work is Beyond Good and Evil (1886), where the influence of Rolph seems apparent. Nietzsche writes, "Even the body within which individuals treat each other as equals ... will have to be an incarnate will to power, it will strive to grow, spread, seize, become predominant — not from any morality or immorality but because it is living and because life simply is will to power." The influence of Rolph and its connection to “will to power,” also continues in book 5 of Gay Science (1887) where Nietzsche describes will to power as the instinct for “expansion of power,” fundamental to all life.

 
Beyond Good and Evil has the most references to “will to power” in his published works, appearing in 11 aphorisms;this was the time of greatest development of the idea.

Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli's 1884 book Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre, which Nietzsche acquired around 1886 and subsequently read closely, had considerable influence on his theory of will to power. Nietzsche wrote a letter to Franz Overbeck about it, noting that it has “been sheepishly put aside by Darwinists”. Nägeli believed in a “perfection principle,” which led to greater complexity. He called the seat of heritability the idioplasma, and argued, with a military metaphor, that a more complex, complicatedly ordered idioplasma would usually defeat a simpler rival. In other words, he is also arguing for internal evolution, similar to Roux, except emphasizing complexity as the main factor instead of strength.

Thus, Dumont’s pleasure in the expansion of power, Roux’s internal struggle, Nägeli’s drive towards complexity, and Rolph’s principle of insatiability and assimilation are fused together into the biological side of Nietzsche’s theory of will to power, which is developed in a number of places in his published writings. Having derived the “will to power” from three anti-Darwin evolutionists, as well as Dumont, it seems appropriate that he should use his “will to power” as an anti-Darwinian explanation of evolution. He expresses a number of times the idea that adaptation and the struggle to survive is a secondary drive in the evolution of animals, behind the desire to expand one’s power—the will to power.

Nonetheless, in his notebooks he continues to expand the theory of the will to power. Influenced by his earlier readings of Boscovich, he began to develop a physics of the Will to Power. The idea of matter as centers of force is translated into matter as centers of will to power. Nietzsche wanted to slough off the theory of matter, which he viewed as a relic of the metaphysics of substance.

These ideas of an all inclusive physics or metaphysics built upon the will to power does not appear to arise anywhere in his published works or in any of the final books published posthumously, except in the above mentioned aphorism from Beyond Good & Evil, where he references Boscovich. It does recur in his notebooks, but not all scholars want to consider these ideas as part of his thought.

Throughout the 1880s, in his notebooks, Nietzsche also developed an equally elusive theory of the “eternal recurrence of the same” and much speculation on the physical possibility of this idea and the mechanics of its actualization recur in his later notebooks, which becomes tied with his theory of will to power as a potential physics integrated with the “eternal recurrence of the same.” Taken literally as a theory for how things are, Nietzsche appeared to imagine a physical universe of perpetual struggle and force, which successively completes its cycle and returns to the beginning again and again. 

However such a concept of eternal return was used metaphorically, and evidenced for not being taken as a literal theorem of Nietzsche for how in fact things are or aren't, by how he claimed it as a most "abysmal" of convictions amongst human values. Wherein he posed as a question to whether the eternal recurrence could be accepted by one that such would justify that one's life beyond their valuation (a trans-valuation) and be a necessary thought-experiment precursor to the overman in their perfect acceptance of all that is, for the love of life itself and amor fati.

In contemporary Nietzschean scholarship, some interpreters have emphasized the will to power as a psychological principle, because Nietzsche applies it most frequently to human behavior. However, Nietzsche sometimes seems to view the will to power as a more general force, underlying all reality not just human behavior—thus making it more directly analogous to Schopenhauer's will to live. For example, Nietzsche claims the "world is the will to power—and nothing besides!".


Nevertheless, in relation to the entire body of Nietzsche's works, many scholars have insisted that Nietzsche's principle of the will to power is less metaphysical and more pragmatic than Schopenhauer's will to live: while Schopenhauer thought the will to live was what was most real in the universe, Nietzsche can be understood as claiming only that the will to power is a particularly useful principle for his purposes.

Some interpreters also upheld a biological interpretation of the Wille zur Macht, making it equivalent with some kind of social Darwinism. For example the concept was appropriated by some Nazis such as Alfred Bäumler, who may have drawn influence from it or used it to justify their expansive quest for power and world domination.

This reading was criticized by Martin Heidegger in his 1930s courses on Nietzsche—suggesting that raw physical or political power was not what Nietzsche had in mind. This is reflected in the following passage from Nietzsche's notebooks: 


I have found strength where one does not look for it: in simple, mild, and pleasant people, without the least desire to rule—and, conversely, the desire to rule has often appeared to me a sign of inward weakness: they fear their own slave soul and shroud it in a royal cloak (in the end, they still become the slaves of their followers, their fame, etc.) The powerful natures dominate, it is a necessity, they need not lift one finger. Even if, during their lifetime, they bury themselves in a garden house!

Opposed to a biological and voluntary conception of the Wille zur Macht, Heidegger also argued that the will to power must be considered in relation to the Übermensch and the thought of eternal recurrence—although this reading itself has been criticized by Mazzino Montinari as a "macroscopic Nietzsche". Gilles Deleuze also emphasized the connection between the will to power and eternal return.

Opposed to this interpretation, the "Will To Power" can be understood (or misunderstood) to mean a struggle against one's surroundings that culminates in personal growth, self-overcoming, and self-perfection, and assert that the power held over others as a result of this is coincidental. Thus Nietzsche wrote:

 My idea is that every specific body strives to become master over all space and to extend its force (its will to power) and to thrust back all that resists its extension. But it continually encounters similar efforts on the part of other bodies and ends by coming to an arrangement ("union") with those of them that are sufficiently related to it: thus they then conspire together for power. And the process goes on.

It would be possible to claim that rather than an attempt to 'dominate over others', the "will to power" is better understood as the tenuous equilibrium in a system of forces' relations to each other. While a rock, for instance, does not have a conscious (or unconscious) "will", it nevertheless acts as a site of resistance within the "will to power" dynamic. Moreover, rather than 'dominating over others', "will to power" is more accurately positioned in relation to the subject (a mere synecdoche, both fictitious and necessary, for there is "no doer behind the deed," (see On the Genealogy of Morals)) and is an idea behind the statement that words are "seductions" within the process of self-mastery and self-overcoming. 


The "will to power" is thus a "cosmic" inner force acting in and through both animate and inanimate objects. Not just instincts but also higher level behaviors (even in humans) were to be reduced to the will to power. This includes both such apparently harmful acts as physical violence, lying, and domination, on one hand, and such apparently non-harmful acts as gift-giving, love, and praise on the other—though its manifestations can be altered significantly, such as through art and aesthetic experience. 

In Beyond Good and Evil, he claims that philosophers' "will to truth" (i.e., their apparent desire to dispassionately seek objective, absolute truth) is actually nothing more than a manifestation of their will to power; this will can be life-affirming or a manifestation of nihilism, but it is the will to power all the same.

Other Nietzschean interpreters dispute the suggestion that Nietzsche's concept of the will to power is merely and only a matter of narrow, harmless, humanistic self-perfection. They suggest that, for Nietzsche, power means self-perfection as well as outward, political, elitist, aristocratic domination. Nietzsche, in fact, explicitly and specifically defined the egalitarian state-idea as the embodiment of the will to power in decline:

To speak of just or unjust in itself is quite senseless; in itself, of course, no injury, assault, exploitation, destruction can be 'unjust,' since life operates essentially, that is in its basic functions, through injury, assault, exploitation, destruction and simply cannot be thought of at all without this character. One must indeed grant something even more unpalatable: that, from the highest biological standpoint, legal conditions can never be other than exceptional conditions, since they constitute a partial restriction of the will of life, which is bent upon power, and are subordinate to its total goal as a single means: namely, as a means of creating greater units of power. 


A legal order thought of as sovereign and universal, not as a means in the struggle between power complexes but as a means of preventing all struggle in general perhaps after the communistic cliché of Dühring, that every will must consider every other will its equal—would be a principle hostile to life, an agent of the dissolution and destruction of man, an attempt to assassinate the future of man, a sign of weariness, a secret path to nothingness.

Alfred Adler borrowed heavily from Nietzsche's work to develop his second Viennese school of psychotherapy called individual psychology. Adler (1912) wrote in his important book Über den nervösen Charakter (The Neurotic Constitution):

Nietzsche's "Will to power" and "Will to seem" embrace many of our views, which again resemble in some respects the views of Féré and the older writers, according to whom the sensation of pleasure originates in a feeling of power, that of pain in a feeling of feebleness

Adler's adaptation of the will to power was and still is in contrast to Sigmund Freud's pleasure principle or the "will to pleasure", and to Viktor Frankl's logotherapy or the "will to meaning". Adler's intent was to build a movement that would rival, even supplant, others in psychology by arguing for the holistic integrity of psychological well-being with that of social equality. His interpretation of Nietzsche's will to power was concerned with the individual patient's overcoming of the superiority-inferiority dynamic.

In Man's Search for Meaning, Frankl compared his third Viennese school of psychotherapy with Adler's psychoanalytic interpretation of the will to power:

    ... the striving to find a meaning in one's life is the primary motivational force in man. That is why I speak of a will to meaning in contrast to the pleasure principle (or, as we could also term it, the will to pleasure) on which Freudian psychoanalysis is centered, as well as in contrast to the will to power stressed by Adlerian psychology.
    —Viktor E. Frankl, M.D., Ph.D.

    Look up Power in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
    Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Power
    Schopenhauer's concept of will to live
    The philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche
    Each of the following Viennese schools of psychotherapy advocate a very different main driving force in man:
        Sigmund Freud's will to pleasure – pleasure principle
        Alfred Adler's will to power – individual psychology
        Victor Frankl's will to meaning – logotherapy

References:
Anderson, R. Lanier (1994). "Nietzsche’s Will to Power as a Doctrine of the Unity of Science". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 25 (5): 738. "Boscovich's theory of centers of force was prominent in Germany at the time. Boscovich’s theory 'is echoed in Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, which reduces matter to force altogether. Kant’s view, in turn, became very influential in German physics through the work of Hermann von Helmholtz and his followers. By the time Nietzsche wrote, treating matter in terms of fields of force was the dominant understanding of the fundamental notions of physics.'".

Friday, June 10, 2011

Expect Us....



Three people suspected of being involved in attacks against websites belonging to Sony, Spanish banks BBVA and Bankia, Italian energy company Enel, and the governments of Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Iran, Chile, Colombia, and New Zealand have been arrested in Spain. All three were claimed to be the leadership of hacktivist organization Anonymous in Spain.
The individuals are accused of performing and organizing large distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that took their victims' Web servers offline. The detainees were also claimed to have attacked the websites of Spain's Central Electoral Board on May 18, and later the sites of the Catalan police and the UGT trade union.
The arrests were made after investigation work by the Brigada de Investigación Tecnológica (BIT), the cybercrime division of Spain's civilian police force. With these arrests, Spain joins the UK, US, and Netherlands in having taken police action against Anonymous members. During the investigation, more than 2,000,000 lines of IRC logs were examined to track down the people involved.
The three were arrested in Almeria, Barcelona, and Valencia. One of those arrested was said to have set up an IRC server in their home, and this server was used by all three to coordinate their various hack attacks. Those attacks were DDoS attacks, performed using Anonymous' preferred LOIC tool; LOIC has an automatic mode that uses IRC for command and control. Also found were malware creation tools and WiFi cracking software; two of the people arrested apparently had no Internet connection themselves, instead depending on the WiFi connections of others.

Though Sony was one of the organizations victimized by the hacktivists, the official statement issued by the police did not indicate any suspicion of involvement in the hacks that forced Sony to take Playstation Network offline for weeks, nor the subsequent hacks made on Sony Web properties by LulzSec. Rather, the three hackers appear to have been involved with the denial of service attacks of early April. Vocal Anonymous faction AnonOps has long denied that Anonymous had any involvement with the broader, more serious attack against Playstation Network.

When news of the arrests became public, AnonOps was swift to issue a warning to the Spanish authorities: 


Saturday, June 4, 2011

Hathor, Goddess of Beauty and my namesake...

Hathor, Goddess of Love, Music and Beauty.
 hwt hrHathor (Het-Hert, Het-Heru, 

Hwt-Hert, Hethara), meaning "House of Horus [the Elder]", was a goddess of many things, from the celestial to the alcoholic!

She was a celestial goddess, The Mistress of Heaven. A goddess of love, music and beauty as the Goddess of Love, Cheerfulness, Music and Dance. She was known as the Mother of Mothers and the Celestial Nurse who presided over women, fertility, children and childbirth. Yet she was also a goddess of baser things - she was the Vengeful Eye of Ra, the Lady of Drunkeness, and a goddess of the dead as Lady of the West. As Lady of the Southern Sycamore, the sycamore was sacred to her. It was from the sycamore tree that she was thought to hand out good things to the deceased in the afterlife, and so she was thought to be a friend to the dead.
Her name is translated as "House of Horus", which may be a reference to her as the embodiment of the sky in her role of the Celestial Cow, being that which surrounds the decidedly sky-oriented hawk-deity, Horus, when he takes wing. If Horus was the god associated with the living king, Hathor was the god associated with the living queen.
-- Hathor, Stephanie Cass 
She was also known as the Mistress of Life, the Great Wild Cow, the Golden One, the Mistress of Turquoise, Lady of Iunet (Dendera) (her cult centre was located at Iunet), Mistress of Qis, Lady to the Limit (of the Universe), Lady of Punt (perhaps an area in present day Somalia - a famous expedition to this land was commissioned by Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BC), of the 18th Dynasty), the Powerful One, the Mistress of the Desert, Lady of the Southern Sycamore... and many other names, besides. She was also the goddess of the third month of the Egyptian calendars, know in Greek times as Hethara.
Hathor, Menkaura and Anput, the Personification of the Seventeenth Nome An interesting story involving Hathor - all the more interesting because it is very similar to the Japanese tale of the sun goddess who leaves the company of the gods to sulk - is the story of Ra's temper tantrum.

Baba a predynastic baboon god, taunted Ra who stood for Set becoming ruler rather than Horus, "Your shrine is empty!" With that, Ra stormed off to be alone - presumably this is a story about a solar eclipse - and refused to join the other gods. Realising that they'd gone too far, the others sent Baba away, but still Ra refused to stop sulking. Finally, Hathor decided on a plan. She went into Ra's presence and stood before him and started to dance and strip, revealing her nakedness and lewdly showing him her private parts. The dance caused Ra to laugh, forget his hurt feelings and he once again rejoined the gods.

The reason that she has so many names, one would assume, is because she is an ancient goddess - she seems to have been mentioned as early as the 2nd Dynasty. She may even been associated with the Narmer palette - although the two human faced bovines may also have been a representation of the king or of another ancient bovine goddess, called Bat, who was eventually surplanted by Hathor.
It is interesting to note, though, that there is not a personal name of the goddess mentioned in the list of names - they are all titles.

Hathor, Lady of Amenty, the Dweller in the Great Land, the Lady of Ta-Tchesert, the Eye of Ra, the Dweller in his breast, the Beautiful Face in the Boat of Millions of Years, the Seat of Peace of the doer of truth, Dweller in the Boat of the favoured ones.....
-- The Chapter of Praise of Hathor, Lady of Amenty, The Book of the Dead
 
Another interesting thing about Hathor is found in one particular Egyptian tale - when the hero of the story was born, the 'Seven Hathors', disguised as seven young women, appeared and announced his fate. They seemed to be linked with not only fortune telling, but to being questioners of the soul on its way to the Land of the West. 

These goddesses were worshiped in seven cities: Waset (Thebes), Iunu (On, Heliopolis), Aphroditopolis, Sinai, Momemphis, Herakleopolis, and Keset. They may have been linked to the Pleiades in later times, but this is debated. Hathor herself was known as "Lady of Stars" and "Sovereign of Stars" and linked to Sirius (the goddess Sopdet). The day that Sirius rose (originally on the first day of the first month, known as Thuthi by Greek times) was a festive occasion to the followers of Hathor - it was the day they celebrated her birth. By Greek times, she was the goddess of Hethara, the third month of the Egyptian calendar.

Generally, Hathor was pictured as a woman with cow's horns with the sun between them (giving her the title of 'Golden One'), or as a beautiful woman with cow's ears, or a cow wearing the sun disk between her horns, or even as a lioness or a lion-headed woman showing her destructive side. It was only in later Egyptian history that she was shown as a woman with the head of a cow.

She often is seen carrying a sistrum, an ancient musical instrument played by the priestesses. The sistrum usually had the face of Hathor where the handle adjoins the rest of the instrument. This particular instrument was thought to have sexual overtones, relating to fertility. Hathor has a rather odd title, "Hand of God". This might be related to how the handle of the sistrum is held, just as the relationship of the loop ajoined to the handle (the naos) might be related to her title of "Lady of the Vulva"!

Hathor was also known as the "Great Menat". The menat, a necklace with a special counterweight, is not actually jewelry - it is a musical instrument sacred to Hathor! The counter piece is similar to the fertility dolls found in ancient tombs, while the beaded necklace was believed to represent the womb. It was held in the hand and rattled to convey the blessing of the goddess.

Hathor was also the "Lady of Greenstone and Malachite" and "Lady of Lapis-Lazuli", presiding over these materials as well as being a goddess of the fringes where they were mined. (Malachite is a banded light and dark green semi-precious stone that was ground up and mixed with eye make up. Lapis-lazuli adorned many pieces of ancient Egyptian jewelry. This fits in well with Hathor's role of a goddess of beauty.) She was a goddess of the west, and a goddess of Punt and Sinai and so was a goddess of far off places. This is perhaps why she was also known as the "Lady to the Limit" - the Egyptians believed her to be a goddess who ruled over the known universe! The God Ihy, Son of Hathor and Horus-Behdety

She was said to be the mother of the pharaoh, and is often depicted in a nurturing role, suckling the pharaoh when he was a child. Other than the pharaoh - a living god - she was believed to have a son with Horus-Behdety (a form of Horus the Elder) known as ihy Ihy (Ahy, Horus-Sematawy, Harsomtus), a falcon-god and child-god of music and dancing who carried a sistrum. The three were worshiped at Iunet.

My majesty precedes me as Ihy, the son of Hathor
I am the male of masculinity
.......
I escaped from her blood, I am the master of the redness.

But it is the following tale for which she is most remembered today:

The Eye of Ra
Hathor Suckling Hatshepsut - Photo and Line Drawing of the Scene One of the tales of Hathor was how she was originally a goddess of destruction (Hathor-Sekhmet), and how she came to be the goddess of happier things:Then Ra took on the shape of a man and became the first Pharaoh, ruling over the whole country for thousands and thousands of years, and giving such harvests that for ever afterwards the Egyptians spoke of the good things "which happened in the time of Ra".

But, being in the form of a man, Ra grew old. In time men no longer feared him or obeyed his laws. They laughed at him, saying: "Look at Ra! His bones are like silver, his flesh like gold, his hair is the colour of lapis lazuli!"

Ra was angry when he heard this, and he was more angry still at the evil deeds which men were doing in disobedience to his laws. So he called together the gods whom he had made - Shu and Tefnut and Geb and Nut - and he also summoned Nun. Soon the gods gathered about Ra in his Secret Place, and the goddesses also. 

But mankind knew nothing of what was happening, and continued to jeer at Ra and to break his commandments. Then Ra spoke to Nun before the assembled gods: "Eldest of the gods, you who made me; and you gods whom I have made: look upon mankind who came into being at a glance of my Eye. See how men plot against me; hear what they say of me; tell me what I should do to them. For I will not destroy mankind until I have heard what you advise."

Ten Nun said: "My son Ra, the god greater than he who made him and mightier than those whom he has created, turn your mighty Eye upon them and send destruction upon them in the form of your daughter, the goddess Sekhmet."

Ra answered: "Even now fear is falling upon them and they are fleeing into the desert and hiding themselves in the mountains in terror at the sound of my voice."

"Send against them the glance of your Eye in the form Sekhmet!" cried all the other gods and goddesses, bowing before Ra until their foreheads touched the ground.
Hathor, Emerging from the Mountains of the West to Welcome the Dead
Image © April McDevitt
So at the terrible glance from the Eye of Ra his daughter Sekhmet came into being, the fiercest of all goddesses. Like a lion she rushed upon her prey, and her chief delight was in slaughter, and her pleasure was in blood. At the bidding of Ra she came into Upper and Lower Egypt to slay those who had scorned and disobeyed him: she killed them among the mountains which lie on either side of the Nile, and down beside the river, and in the burning deserts. All whom she saw she slew, rejoicing in slaughter and the taste of blood. 

Presently Ra looked out over the land and saw what Sekhmet had done. Then he called to her, saying: "Come, my daughter, and tell me how you have obeyed my commands." 

Hathor Welcoming NefertariSekhmet answered with the terrible voice of a lioness as she tears her prey: "By the life which you have given me, I have indeed done vengeance on mankind, and my heart rejoices."Now for many nights the Nile ran red with blood, and Sekhmet's feet were red as she went hither and thither  through all the land of Egypt slaying and slaying. Presently Ra looked out over the earth once more, and now his heart was stirred with pity for men, even though they had rebelled against him. But none could stop the cruel goddess Sekhmet, not even Ra himself: she must cease from slaying of her own accord - and Ra saw that this could only come about through cunning.So he gave his command: "Bring before me swift messengers who will run upon the earth as silently as shadows and with the speed of the storm winds."When these were brought he said to them: "Go as fast as you can up the Nile to where it flows fiercely over the rocks and among the islands of the First Cataract; go to the isle that is called Abu (Elephantine) and bring from it a great store of the red ochre which is to be found there."The messengers sped on their way and returned with the blood-red ochre to Iunu, the city of Ra where stand the stone obelisks with points of gold that are like fingers pointing to the sun. It was night when they came to the city, but all day the women of Iunu had been brewing beer as Ra bade them.Ra came to where the beer stood waiting in seven thousand jars, and the gods came with him to see how b his wisdom he would save mankind."Mingle the red ochre of Abu with the barley-beer," said Ra, and it was done, so that the beer gleamed red in the moonlight like the blood of men."Now take it to the place where Sekhmet proposes to slay men when the sun rises," said Ra. And while it was still night the seven thousand jars of beer were taken and poured out over the fields so that the ground was covered to the depth of nine inches -- three times the measure of the palm of a man's hand-with the strong beer, whose other name is "sleep-maker".When day came Sekhmet the terrible came also, licking her lips at the thought of the men whom she would slay. She found the place flooded and no living creature in sight; but she saw the beer which was the colour of blood, and she thought it was blood indeed -- the blood of those whom she had slain.Then she laughed with joy, and her laughter was like the roar of a lioness hungry for the kill. Thinking that it was indeed blood, she stooped and drank. Again and yet again she drank, laughing with delight; and the strength of the beer mounted to her brain, so that she could no longer slay. At last she came reeling back to where Ra was waiting; that day she had not killed even a single man.Cow Eared Hathor from the Top of a Column Then Ra said: "You come in peace, sweet one." And her name was changed to Hathor, and her nature was changed also to the sweetness of love and the strength of desire. And henceforth Hathor laid low men and women only with the great power of love. But for ever after her priestesses drank in her honour of the beer of Iunu coloured with the red ochre of Abu when they celebrated her festival each New Year.

Note that in the above tale, the goddess called 'Eye of Ra' was Hathor who became 'Sekhmet', then 'Hathor'. But afterwards, Sekhmet and Hathor were two separate deities, both having claim to the title 'Eye of Ra'!

Hathor was a very clear example of the Egyptian idea of duality - Hathor was both the 'sweet one' of music, dance and pleasure as well as a goddess of destruction, an ancient goddess who was loved by the people of Egypt. 

see also:
tomkenyon.com

Thoth, the God of Magic and Writing

thekeep.org _ all things ancient EGYPT

Thoth, Wearing the Lunar Headdress
The wisest of the Egyptian gods was Thoth (Djhuty, Djehuty, Tehuty), the baboon and ibis god of the moon. Thoth was the god who overcame the curse of Ra, allowing Nut to give birth to her five children, with his skill at games. It was he who helped Isis work the ritual to bring Osiris back from the dead, and who drove the magical poison of Set from her son, Horus with the power of his magic. He was Horus' supporter during the young god's deadly battle with his uncle Set, helping Horus with his wisdom and magic. It was Thoth who brought Tefnut, who left Egypt for Nubia in a sulk after an argument with her father, back to heaven to be reunited with Ra. 
Tefnut , the Eye of Ra, became estranged from her father and fled into Nubia, taking all of her precious water with her. In this land, she transformed herself into a lioness. She raged through the countryside, emitting flames from her eyes and nostrils. Viciously, she drank the blood and fed on the flesh of both animals and humans. As time went on, Ra missed his Eye, and longed to see her again - Egypt had dried, and the land was in chaos. He summoned Shu to him, along with Thoth, who was the messenger of the gods and famous for his eloquence. Ra issued the command that Shu and Thoth must go to Nubia and bring back his recalcitrant daughter. Before they set off on their journey Shu and Thoth disguised themselves as baboons. The baboon was an animal sacred to Thoth. Eventually, Thoth and Shu found Tefnut in Begum. Thoth began at once to try and persuade her to return to Egypt. Tefnut, however, wasn't interested. She liked hunting in the desert and was perfectly happy where she was. Thoth would not give up though, and wove stories to depict to her how gloom had descended upon Egypt since she had left. The people of Egypt would do anything for her if she'd just return home. Ultimately, wooed by Thoth's promises, Tefnut relented and returned to Egypt accompanied by the two baboons. All the way there, Thoth kept her entertained with stories. Tefnut made a triumphant entry back into the homeland, accompanied by a host of Nubian musicians, dancers and baboons. She went from city to city, bringing back moisture and water (the inundation), amid great rejoicing, until finally she was reunited with her father, and restored to her rightful position as his Eye. 

The Baboon - Sacred Animal of Thoth When Ra retired from the earth, he appointed Thoth and told him of his desire to create a Light-soul in the Duat and in the Land of the Caves, and it was over this region that the sun god appointed Thoth to rule, ordering him to keep a register of those who were there, and to mete out just punishments to them. Thoth became the representation of Ra in the afterlife, seen at the judgement of the dead in the 'Halls of the Double Ma'at'. 
The magical powers of Thoth were so great, that the Egyptians had tales of a 'Book of Thoth', which would allow a person who read the sacred book to become the most powerful magician in the world. The Book which "the god of wisdom wrote with his own hand" was, though, a deadly book that brought nothing but pain and tragedy to those that read it, despite finding out about the "secrets of the gods themselves" and "all that is hidden in the stars". 
He was one of the earlier Egyptian gods, thought to be scribe to the gods, who kept a great library of scrolls, over which one of his wives, Seshat, the goddess of writing, was thought to be mistress. The god born of this union was called Hornub. He was associated by the Egyptians with speech, literature, arts, learning. He, too, was a measurer and recorder of time, as was Seshat. Believed to be the author of the spells in The Book of the Dead and a much later work, the Book of Breathings, he was a helper (and punisher) of the deceased as they try to enter the underworld. In this role, his wife was Ma'at, the personification of order, who was weighed against the heart of the dead to see if they followed ma'at during their life. At Khmunu (Hermopolis) he was wed to a goddess of protection called Nehmauit (Nahmauit, Nehmetaway), 'She Who Uproots Evil', with whom he fathered the god Neferhor.
A Statue of Thoth, in Baboon Form 
Thoth was usually depicted as an ibis headed man or as a full ibis, or with the face of a dog-headed baboon and the body of a man or, again, as a full dog-headed baboon. The ibis, it is thought, had a crescent shaped beak, linking the bird to the moon. The dog-headed baboon, on the other hand, was a night animal that was seen by the Egyptians who would greet the sun with chattering noises each morning just as Thoth, the moon god, would greet Ra, the sun god, as he rose.

In keeping with his many attributes, he was depicted with a variety of symbols. As a god of Egypt, he carried the ankh, the symbol of life, in one hand, and in the other he held a sceptre, the symbol of power. In The Book of the Dead, he was shown holding a writing palette and reed pen to record the deeds of the dead. As voice of the sun-god Ra, he carried the Wedjat (Eye of Horus or Ra) the symbol of Ra's ubiquitous power. Thoth was variously depicted wearing a crescent moon on his headdress, or wearing the atef crown, or sometimes, the crown of Upper and Lower Egypt.


Originally, Thoth was a god of creation, but was later thought to be the one who civilized men, teaching them civic and religious practices, writing, medicine, music and magic. It was Thoth who was thought to have taught men the mode and pronunciation of his writing - prayers and magic spells could fail if not intoned correctly - and so he was the master of magic. He took on many of the roles of Seshat, until she became a dual, female version of Thoth.
 
The god of learning was also reputed to have been a god of measuring the passage of time, and thus the god of the Egyptian calendar. He was also thought to be the god of the first month of the Egyptian calendar, known as Thuthi by Greek times. It is interesting to note that although he is related to the solar calendar in myth (where he won five extra days a year from Khonsu, the moon god), but that as a moon god himself, he was very probably closely related to Egypt's original lunar calendar:
 

"...Researchers of the ancient Egyptian calendar agree that the solar calendar of 360 + 5 days was not the first prehistoric calendar of that land. This 'civil' or secular calendar was introduced only after the start of dynastic rule in Egypt, i.e., after 3100 BC; according to Richard A. Parker (The Calendars of the Ancient Egyptians) it took place circa 2800 BC 'probably for administrative and fiscal purposes'. This civil calendar supplanted, or perhaps supplemented at first, the 'sacred' calendar of old. In the words of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 'the ancient Egyptians originally employed a calendar based on the Moon'. According to R. A. Parker (Ancient Egyptian Astronomy) that earlier calendar was, 'like that of all ancient peoples', a calendar of twelve lunar months plus a thirteenth intercalary month that kept the seasons in place."


- When Time Began, Zecharia Sitchin

Thoth as an Ibis Thoth's centre of worshiped was at Khmunu (Hermopolis) in Upper Egypt, where he was the creator god, in Ibis form, who laid the World Egg. The sound of his song was thought to have created four frog gods and snake goddesses who continued Thoth's song, helping the sun journey across the sky.

He was the 'One who Made Calculations Concerning the Heavens, the Stars and the Earth', the 'Reckoner of Times and of Seasons', the one who 'Measured out the Heavens and Planned the Earth'. He was 'He who Balances', the 'God of the Equilibrium' and 'Master of the Balance'. 'The Lord of the Divine Body', 'Scribe of the Company of the Gods', the 'Voice of Ra', the 'Author of Every Work on Every Branch of Knowledge, Both Human and Divine', he who understood 'all that is hidden under the heavenly vault'. Thoth was not just a scribe and friend to the gods, but central to order - ma'at - both in Egypt and in the Duat. He was 'He who Reckons the Heavens, the Counter of the Stars and the Measurer of the Earth'. 

http://www.maat.com.au/
Egyptian Tour Guides: Ma'at Tours

Ma'at Tours is a part of Ma'at Productions, a partnership registered as a business in the state of Tasmania, Australia (Tasmanian Business Number BN01266706, Australian Business Number 75 435 058 144).Ma'at Productions was founded in 1999 and has run many Ma'at Tours to Egypt in addition to presenting numerous academic Summer and Winter Schools, lectures and workshops, and dramatic and theatre performances. Ma'at Productions was invited to present a paper at the inaugural Borders & Crossings inter-disciplinary conference on travel writing and tourism studies held at the University of Melbourne in July 2008 on the topic Aliens at the Pyramids: Western Tourists in Egypt. We were also invited to present at the associated Melbourne Festival of Travel Writing.